Kant s Categorical Imperative For The Practice Of Modern...

Hamza Rafique 15 June 2014 Should Kant’s categorical imperative be supported in the practice of modern medicine? Introduction Immanuel Kant saw the importance of autonomy long before the field of medicine was as advanced as it is now through the second formulation of his categorical imperative: â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end†. Kant recognises that it is autonomy that allows for self-actualisation and the manifestation of one’s identity through having the capacity to make self-governed choices. Therefore autonomy factor that gives humans the duty to treat each other as â€Å"ends† and to violate the†¦show more content†¦Kant provides us with these ethical guidelines however there are cases in medicine which illustrate that a physician’s expertise allows him to see that following a patient’s autonomous decision may lead to further suffering causing the health professional to take a paternalistic course of action. This e thical problem has lead me to investigate whether medical practice should uphold Kant’s categorical imperative, and if not where should we search for a way forward? I intend to analyse Kant’s ethics to see where its strengths and weaknesses lie when applied to the medical field before exploring other ethical theories in an attempt to find the most suitable means of decision making in medicine. I will use case studies to illustrate the point that Kant’s ethics, although perfect for an ideal world, does not work in the medical field, nor does a utilitarian approach. This leads us toward an intuitionist stance in order to keep the benefits of the categorical imperative offers us while maintaining applicability to medicine. How could the categorical imperative work in medicine? The categorical imperative does have strength in its principled and high minded nature that can be condensed down into the following three formulations: Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.† â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in

The Ethics of Consequences Utilitarianism

Questions: 1. Outline the reasons why utilitarian argue that under some circumstances lying can be justified ethically.2.Use this example to illustrate the difference between act and rule utilitarianism and discuss the objections to each position.3.Using examples discuss the possible strengths and weaknesses of consequentialism and when discussing lying in the context of youth work or human services work.4.Draw conclusions about whether consequentialism can ever justify lying to colleagues and clients in human services work. Answers: 1. There are a number of reasons that lying can be justified ethically under some of the circumstances. One of the examples for the same can be considered with the help of the police chief. It can be assumed that the police chief has been terrorized for a long time by a child rapist. If it is found that the rapist has did because of some circumstances. Now the fear of the rapist is the past, but they couldnt be convinced that he would be a rapist (Hinman, 2012). If the same policeman has arrested another person as a rapist who only has six months to live, will it be useful? The public will feel that the town is safer again. The man to be punished will die soon and he will also get the better care in the jail in comparison to the streets. The Utilitarian act may actually be useful in convicting the man though he was to die soon. Here the police has told lie to the people that there is no rapist in the town but it is justified as the people will live a better life. 2. The example of the policeman mentioned above is related to act utilitarian. Its objective is to ensure that the man is convicted. It is important to ensure that the Rule Utilitarian needs to ensure that the rules are applicable without qualification or if they have the specific qualification. The rule states that one should keep the promise made to the dead. Also, if the rule utilitarian believes that they can make the qualification in cases related to following the rule, it would lead to the bad consequences. For example: if someone breaks the promise which he made to the dead, they are someone who can think like an act utilitarian. The may also admit that they can disregard the rule when the utility demands the same. Thus, again act utilitarian seems to collapse. 3. Consequentialism is a completely normative ethical theory. This states that ethical action and the proposed method are considered important for deciding which act is the right and an ethical act. Strength of consequentialism is that it can be applied ubiquitously because each and every result have some of the consequences which can be measured. In addition to this, it can be applied systematically. In order to explain this, an example should be studied. Suppose, there is a group of people who are enslaved but are provided with some of the comforts such as house, nutritious food and good working hours (Hinman, 2012). Also, they have entertainment such as television, movies, music etc. for free for being a good slave. Because of this, the slaves dont feel discontent about their state in life. The masters on the other hand feel that they have slaves and are happy about them. But, the ultimate consequences of the act are that they are slaves. Also, slavery is something which cant be j ustified. 4. Consequentialism is something in which the results only lie on the final consequences of any incident. This is important to be considered as it can help the people to live their life in a proper manner. If the people are constantly under fears and tension, they will not be happy. But lying to the colleagues and clients in the human services work can be useful in many ways. References Hinman, L. (2012).Ethics: A pluralistic approach to moral theory. Nelson Education.

Episode Mining and Genetic Algorithm - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Episode Mining and Genetic Algorithm. Answer: Introduction: PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc is mainly identified as the overall stocks, which will be evaluated to identify its financial viability and detect investment scope. In addition, the adequate financial ratios are calculated to identify current position of the company and the risk involved in Investments. The companies selected from the portfolio are PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc, which would be further research to identify the investment scope in the company. the selected stocks are relevantly diversified, as the industry of chosen companies ranges from entertainment, beverages and automobile. The diversification is relatively high, as the companies does not fall under the same industry, which helps in spreading the risk from investment. The further research on the company would eventually help in identifying its current position and future scope, which is essential for continuing investing in the selected stocks (Lan, Lin and Lin 2015). Financial ratios are evaluated as follows for the selected companies. PepsiCo, Inc: PepsiCo, Inc 2015 2016 2017 Operating Margin 13.25% 15.58% 16.54% Debt/Equity 2.46 2.67 3.06 Quick Ratio 1.05 1.08 1.29 Gross Margin 54.44% 55.08% 54`69% The overall financial ratios of PepsiCo mainly depict the Company's financial strength which has improved over the fiscal years. the increment in operating margin and gross margin mainly state the financial capability of the organization to generate higher returns from its operations. Moreover, the quick ratio of the company has improved radically from 1.05 to 1.29. However, the depth to equity ratio has a relatively increased in three fiscal years, which increases the concern regarding insolvency (Reuters.com 2018). Netflix, Inc: Netflix, Inc 2015 2016 2017 Operating Margin 4.51% 4.30% 7.17% Debt/Equity 1.07 1.26 1.81 Gross Margin 32.27% 31.72% 34.49% Quick Ratio 0.65 0.38 0.52 The financial ratios of Netflix indicate the increasing stability of the organization in achieving higher returns from investment. However, the quick ratio has declined, while the debt to equity ratio has increased, which indicate the deteriorating financial position of the organization in the three fiscal years (Reuters.com 2018). Tesla Motors Inc: Tesla Motors Inc 2015 2016 2017 Quick Ratio 0.48 0.67 0.51 Operating Margin -17.71% -9.53% -13.88% Debt/Equity 1.91 1.26 2.22 Gross Margin 22.82% 22.85% 18.90% The financial position of Tesla Motors has a relatively indicated the deteriorating condition of the company over the period of three fiscal years. The financial ratios such as operating margin, gross margin and quick ratio as a relatively deteriorated over the period of the analysis, which indicates the rising problems of the organization. The rising debt to equity ratio also adds on to the deterioration in financial position of the company (Reuters.com 2018). The selection of stocks is relatively based on Instinct, as companies that are chosen for investment is the market leader of their segment. The emotional level is relatively used for selecting the stocks such as Tesla Motors for investment, who is incurring losses in their operations. Due to the emotional decision the overall investment risk in the portfolio is relatively increased, as Tesla motor Incs financial position has relatively deteriorated over the period. Investment was conducted on the basis of instinct rather than logical conditioning, where the aim was to maximize returns from companies that are market leader in their sector. Some of the researchers mentioned that maximum of the investors relies on trend to identify investment opportunity, which is mainly seen by companies that have adequate market cap in the capital market (Gottschlich and Hinz 2014). The evaluation of competitors position against the company is conducted as follows. PepsiCo, Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Pepsico, Inc. 155,139,148 $ 109.26 32.42 National Beverage Corp. 4,113,244 $ 88.25 28.93 The competitive condition of PepsiCo can be identified from the above table, which depicts the overall rising competitive edge of the Company against its peers. the market cap, close price, and P/E ratio of the company is relatively higher than its competitor, which depicts the demand among potential investors (Reuters.com 2018). Netflix, Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Netflix, Inc. 127,428,830 $ 293.65 234.92 Best Buy Co., Inc. 20,084,003 $ 71.04 21.66 From the evaluation Netflix is detected to have the highest competitive edge against peers, as the close price, market cap, and P/E ratio of the organization is relatively higher than its competitors. This rising competitive edge is making Netflix the market leader in the entertainment sector of US (Reuters.com 2018). Tesla Motors Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Tesla, Inc. 51,311,139 $ 303.76 N/E Toyota Motor Corp Ltd Ord 2,993,076 $ 127.80 8.94 From the overall evaluation the P ratio of Tesla Inc is relatively not present in the current data of Nasdaq, which is due to the losses incurred by the organization. However, the competitiveness of the company has not deteriorated against its competitors, as the market cap and close price of Tesla Inc is relatively higher than Toyota Motor Corp. This relatively indicates that the competitiveness of Tesla is a relatively high, as they have the maximum share value in comparison to its competitors (Reuters.com 2018). CompanyName Close price 52 Weeks High-Low Pepsico, Inc. $ 109.260 $122.51/$105.938 Netflix, Inc. $ 293.650 $333.98/$138.66 Tesla, Inc. $ 303.76 $389.61/$244.5901 From the evaluation of above table relevant future prices of the organizations can be identified, as maximum of the stocks are not close to the 52 weeks high. This relatively indicates the possibility of rising prices, which could increase over the period of investment. Companies such as PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc are mainly evaluated from the above table, whose share prices relatively low. The detection of 52 weeks high and 52 weeks low mainly allows investors to understand the trend of a particular stock, which would eventually help in making adequate investment decisions (Lin, Huang and Tseng 2017). Therefore, from the evaluation of above table it could be identified that there is adequate scope Investments in PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc. Conclusion: The assessment mainly analyses the share price movement of PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc. which could eventually help in identifying the investment scope in these stocks. The ratio evaluation directly helps in detecting the investment scope of the selected company, which could eventually help in generating higher returns from investment. Reference and Bibliography: Chau, M., 2016.Method that forms investment strategy to invest and withdraw a company's stock or fund. U.S. Patent Application 14/804,359. Chui, A.C. and Titman, S., 2017. Investor Composition and Stock Return Patterns: A Study of Momentum in the Chinese A-and B-Shares Markets. Eng, W.K., Shukor, N.E.S.A., Ismail, N.R. and Halim, S.A., 2017. Golden cross as Buying Indicator for Stock Investment in Bursa Malaysia.Terengganu International Finance and Economics Journal (TIFEJ),2(2), pp.94-102. Gottschlich, J. and Hinz, O., 2014. A decision support system for stock investment recommendations using collective wisdom.Decision support systems,59, pp.52-62. He, L.M., Chen, S.D., Zhang, Z., Hu, Y. and Jiang, H.Y., 2016. A Decision Tree Model for Meta-Investment Strategy of Stock Based on Sector Rotating. InFSDM(pp. 194-207). Lan, Y.W., Lin, D. and Lin, L., 2015. Cointegration analysis of tourism demand by Mainland China in Taiwan and stock investment strategy.Journal of Economic Financial Studies,3(05), pp.01-09. Lin, Y.F., Huang, C.F. and Tseng, V.S., 2017. A novel methodology for stock investment using high utility episode mining and genetic algorithm.Applied Soft Computing,59, pp.303-315. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/NFLX.OQ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Company Profile | Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/PEP.O [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/TSLA.OQ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Sun, S.L., 2016. A Decision Tree Model for Meta-Investment Strategy of Stock Based on Sector Rotating.Fuzzy Systems and Data MiningII: Proceedings of FSDM 2016,293, p.194. Vasconcellos, L.L.M., Wlademir, P., Vincius, A.D.L.M. and Joo, L.R., 2015. Analysis of the implementation of a stock investment strategy based on a decision aid tool.Contadura y Administracin,60(1), pp.113-144.

The Political Struggles of the Jacksonian Era Essays -

Throughout the period of 1820-1830, Jacksonian Democrats created a vastly popular political party. They were, of course, led by Andrew Jackson, a war hero and a man of the people. Jackson's followers who created the party were also "for the people." Such ideals were shown throughout various times within the period. The democrats were essentially guardians of the United States Constitution and, similarly, were protectors of individual liberties. In addition to this, the Jacksonian Democrats promoted political democracy, and also the equality of economic opportunity. Thus, the Jacksonian Democrats clearly served as protectors of the people, their individual liberties, their Constitution, their economic opportunities and their political democracy. Throughout the 1820's to 1830's, Jacksonian Democrats took large strides in political democracy and individual liberty. The major parties were the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson. The Whig Party, a coalition of National Republicans, an d other opponents of Jackson, led by Henry Clay, along with Daniel Webster Minor parties that operated included the Anti-Masonic Party and the Liberty Party were the other parties fighting for the vote of the American people. The Second Party System reflected and shaped the political, social, economic and cultural atmosphere of the Jacksonian Era. Meanwhile economic modernizers, bankers, businessmen, commercial farmers, many of whom were already National Republicans, and Southern planters angry at Jackson's handling of the Nullification crisis were mobilized into a new anti-Jackson force; they called themselves Whigs. In the northeast, a moral crusade against the highly secretive Masonic order developed into a regular political party, the Anti-Masons, which soon combined with the Whigs. Jackson fought back by aggressive use of federal patronage, by timely alliances with local leaders, and with propaganda that identified the Bank and its agents as the greatest threat to the republica n spirit. Eventually his partisans called themselves "Democrats." The Democrats used speeches and print that alleged the Whig programs that would fatten the rich; the tariff would be for revenue only and did not to grow the manufacturing. Whigs argued that banks and paper money were needed. Public works programs to build roads, canals and railroads would give the country the infrastructure it needed for fast development the Whig Party stated. The Democrats didn?t want a complex change; they wanted more farms for regular people and planters to raise the families in the good old traditional style. More land was needed for that to happen, so they pushed for expansion south and west. Jackson conquered Florida for the US. At this time, the members of the party basically had one overwhelmingly large task on their minds: equal protection and equal benefits to all white male citizens and also, to prevent favoritism towards a specific region or class. Clearly, these ideals reflect what a dem ocrat really is, someone looking for equal rights for all. Of course, in this case, that only applied to white men. This ideal that the democrats always tried to follow was reflected in a variety of different situations throughout the decade. The Jacksonian Democrats were at first strongly against the concept of a spoils system, which gave political positions to people, not solely based on whether they were qualified, but rather, because of their privileged place in society. They believed that a man should always earn their job rightfully. Thus, through this ideal, the democrats provided a more equal political opportunity for all qualified men. The Jacksonian Democrats immediately took action by replacing the aristocrats in the government who enjoyed such a status for no good reason. They set out to form a system which would rotate different people in and out of these jobs. However, the Jacksonians wound up using the spoils system to elect members of their party. By doing this, they had a larger influence in government and could more easily pass laws to help the people. Jackson and his followers were always interested in the rights of the people of the United States. Therefore, when the United States found itself within the Nullification Crisis, Jackson responded immediately and with a just cause. While a threat of rebellion rose in South Carolina, Jackson threatened to send down an army to quash it, before further harm was done. This proves how dangerous nullification could be

Visual Representation Analysis Essay Samples

Visual Representation Analysis Essay SamplesThere are many different types of visual representation analysis essay samples. Each sample is specific to the school's course and the subject matter being studied. However, some sample essays follow the same structure as common writing samples. This means that the exact same example can be found in every sample as well as most commonly used online programs.In some instances a sample contains examples of complex written analysis from a professor or other trusted authority figure. Such cases will present an examination of the text itself. In many cases, a sample contains the text of an essay that was accepted for a university thesis.Some essay samples will have the same structure as an examination of a short story or a poem. Such essays typically contain a narrative or historical passage. The writer is usually required to describe the content of the passage as well as make points or observations about the subject at hand.In another instance, a sample contains a series of sentences. The statement could either be part of the thesis or as a written response to the thesis statement.Other sample essays, however, may only have a few paragraphs. These are usually called brief examples because they do not give much information to the reader.Most essay samples have certain elements that a student may find helpful. For example, a sample may include an advice column. This type of article gives a student an introduction to reading and writing and allows a student to gain some pointers on how to apply what he has learned.Visual representation analysis essay samples also include test preparation programs. They usually contain a syllabus for several tests that the student must pass in order to get a diploma. These sample essays should not be considered true testimonials from the author.

Sample Questions on Management Essay Example

Sample Questions on Management Essay Example Sample Questions on Management Essay Sample Questions on Management Essay SOM 306 Sample Midterm Questions 1 . Operations management is the business function that plans, coordinates, and controls the resources needed to produce a companys a. Services and information b. Information and financial statements c. Financial statements and products d. Products and information e. Products and services 2. What is the Hawthorne effect? a. Workers responding to the attention they are given b. Stop watch time studies leading to time standards c. The use of quantitative methods for solving management problems f interchangeable parts e. More lighting increases pproduactivity d. The use 3. Which of the following is not considered one of the four broad categories of competitive priorities? a. Technology b. Cost c. Quality d. Flexibility e. Time 4. Suppose that in week 1 a company produced 1000 units using 60 labor hours. which of the following values in week 2 would labor pproduactivity decrease? = 2000, hours = 120 b. Units = 1500, hours c. Units = 1000, hours d. Units = 500, hours = 2000, hours = 100 For a. Units e. Units = 95 = 58 = 30 . I ne ease witn wnlcn a. Manufacturability b. Repeatability tne proa uct can De mace Is Its c. Readiness for manufacturing d. Reliability e. Accountability 6. Buying a competitors new product and studying its design features by disassembling it and analyzing its parts and features is a. Reengineering b. Disaggregation c. Redesign d. Benchmarking e. Reverse engineering 7. Birdie Par owns a company that makes golf gloves. She is thinking about introducing a new glove, which would require an additional fixed cost of $20,000 per ear. The variable costs for the new glove have been estimated to be $5 per glove. If she sells the new glove for $15, how many must she sell to break even? a. 1,000 gloves b. 2,000 gloves c. 3,000 gloves d. 4,000 gloves e. 5,000 gloves 8. Employees of the organization who receive goods or services from others in the company are a. Internal customers b. Ultimate customers c. Downstream customers d. Operators e. External customers 9. Under TQM, if suppliers meet preset quality standards a. They are given a bonus b.

Comparative International Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Comparative International Marketing - Assignment Example It is a well known fact that the famous and well known brands make use of multiple brand elements. For instance, Nike makes use of the ‘swoosh’ logo, ‘Just do it’ slogan and the legendary ‘Nike’ name based upon ‘winged goddess of victory’ (Wrenn, Kotler, & Shawchuck, 2009). Therefore, in this regards, it can be stated that the most recognized global brands tend to possess the various brand elements such as name, logo, and slogan as well as brand story. The six main parameters for choosing the brand elements are that they need to be meaningful, likable, memorable, adaptable, transferable and protectable (Wrenn, Kotler, & Shawchuck, 2009). Reasons for Preferring Global Brands In particular, the brands that operate across international borders and are widely recognized all over the world are generally categorized as global brands. Researches on global brands such as Adidas, Zara, and Nokia among others have established their benefits i n comparison to other brands. It is often assumed that the global brands tend to provoke greater favorable affect. They are perceived to be of considerably superior quality and thus enjoy greater recognition as well as trust. They have also been found to be evoking luring global myths and tend to have greater advantages in comparison to the local brands. Global brands demonstrate positive impact on brand esteem. Global brands are generally preferred by the customers because of their wide accessibility. These brands are well known, standardized, more multi-ethnic, and highly authoritative and are also observed to be depicting more social responsibility in comparison to other brands (Dimofte, Johansson, & Bagozzi, 2010). Role of Global Branding To Firms One of the significant advantages to the firms from global branding has been economies of scale. The companies are likely to benefit from huge economies of scale that can be generated in all parts of the business methods. Large economi es of scale can be created with a comprehensive focus on Research & Development (R&D) efforts in a few of the international locations, the rationalization of the production methods and the standardization of the marketing program. The second most significant benefit to the firms from the global brands is the generation of the unique global image. This helps in the reduction of the costs in the communication area. The other benefit of the global brands to the firms is that there will be increase in the sales of the companies since the travelers will view their preferred brands being available at other markets as well. The trade channels are likely to accept a global brand that has been advertised in their market (Girboveanu, n.d.). It can be stated that the global brands tend to be beneficial for the firms as they are largely driven by a single focused strategy in their globalised operation. Benefits of Standardization For Certain Brands Even though there is high demand for the local products owing to the economic growth taking place as well as anti-globalization sentiments, it has been observed that the global brands and products are generally standardized. A few of the international products that have been standardized are Gillette razor blades along with other brands such as Sony and Benetton. The significant pros of