State Tuition For Illegal Immigrants - 993 Words

Today there are twenty states that offer in-state tuition for unauthorized illegal immigrants. The path to becoming such states has been a difficult one; furthermore, only sixteen of these states have achieved in-state tuition for illegal immigrants by taking legislative action. The other four states allowed the universities autonomy developing their own system and guidelines (Undocumented, 2014). Arguments from opposing side generate authoritative statements. The opposing voices argue in-state tuition is only a magnet for illegal immigrants and unfair for American students from other states to pay higher tuition than illegal aliens. Supporters claim in-state tuition opens a door to a more educated society and ultimately states should protect the investment already made since childhood. In my opinion immigrants should be offered opportunities, but not at the expense of others. In-state tuition decisions can be tied to the Supreme Court case of Plyer v. Doe in 1986. In this landmark decision the Supreme Court overturned a Texas statute denying public education funding to schools for alien children. Justice William Brennan, in the majority opinion, employed the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause when concluding that, â€Å"a state could not enact a discriminatory classification by defining a disfavored group as nonresident† (Vargas, 2011). Oddly enough Texas was the first state to pass legislation granting in-state tuition under Rick Perry. After Texas, other statesShow MoreRelatedThe DREAM Act Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents graduate from a United States high school. They have dreams of going to college or to the military to have an opportunity to make something of their lives. However, each year, there is also a group of about 65,000 students who will not have that chance to advance in their lives (CIR_DREAM paragraph 1). They are unable to do so because they were brought to the US illegally by their parents when they were children, and have the status of an illegal immigrant. Despite the fact that these individualsRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe subject of illegal immigration is nothing new in the United States. The social, economic, and political issues surrounding illegal immigrants have been debated at the federal and state levels for years. In the last decade, one of the issues which has received a lot of attention and development is the issue of higher education for illegal immigrants. Until recently many illegal immigrant students were unable to attend institutes of higher education because their lack of documentation disqualifiedRead MoreDream Act or Nightmare Act?1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, or DREAM Act of 2011, proposes to allow children of undocumented immigrants that were brough t to the United States before their fifteenth birthday who have lived in America for at least five years straight to apply for permanent residency once they graduate from high school or achieve a GED. Conditionally, these children must be admitted into a college and complete a two-year degree or serve two years in the military. They must also beRead MoreCalifornia Dream Act Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesRewarding an Illegal Act Born and raised here in the U.S. many students, and parents for that matter, are currently struggling with the bills, loans, and the stress of trying to stabilize a healthy future for themselves by pursuing an education. When a law like the California Dream Act is passed, it makes those who have done nothing but follow the rules of our legal system, feel as if the right as a legal citizen is being pushed aside. The money to fund the education of these illegal immigrants has toRead MoreShould Non Documented Students Be Granted Residency For Tuition Purposes?1646 Words   |  7 PagesResidency for Tuition Purposes? The debate on whether non-documented students should be granted residency for tuition purposes has been a primary issue for a decade in the United States. Each side has cited their reasons for their sides, citing both moral/equity and financial/economic arguments to support their positions. With statistics indicating that approximately 15% of the nation’s 12 million undocumented immigrants are below the age of 18, there are more young undocumented immigrants enrolled inRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1135 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration has been a controversial topic over several years in America, but it has come to light in recent years because of the dramatic increase of Latino individuals crossing the southern border of the United States. This requires multiple people in multiple sections of our government, whether it is politicians, federal law enforcement agencies, or local police, to work together flawlessly to police and combat the current pr edicament in our nation. Throughout this paper, I am going toRead MoreThe Right Action1617 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents don’t attend college because the tuition is too expensive. Many of these students have lived their whole lives in the U.S, but we still consider them illegal immigrants who have the right to go to college but decide not to because they can’t afford to. Most of these students have the intelligence to go to college, they have regular classes, and some are even in high-level classes. They have the potential to make this country better. That’s why the United States should pass the, Deferred Action forRead MoreEssay on Illegal Immigration: Granting Amnesty1537 Words   |  7 Pagesscholarships because of his status as an illegal immigrant. Along with financial difficulties, his family has to live without their father because his father came earlier to earn money for their crossing which caused him to get deported from the United States. Tony, a long with his two siblings, will have to wait twenty years to see his father again (Tony). They are not the only family, who has had these problems, and with Arizona’s new, immigration law, immigrants are required to have documents on themRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration902 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic impact of illegal immigrants in Texas has brought concerns for the state s economy. Such as opportunities, health care, and education. Illegal immigrants contribute both positively and negatively to the Texas economy. They contribute positively by paying for taxes such as sales taxes, health taxes and taxes imposed on items. The negative impacts these immigrants have on the Texas economy seems to overweigh these positive impacts. Their presence has made general wages go down for unqualifiedRead MorePositive And Negative Outcomes Of Illegal Immigrants1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto immigrants and how they contribute to a society. A lot of people just ass ume that illegal immigrants are bad for one’s society. But really, especially for people in the U.S., illegal immigrants pay taxes just like us citizens, they still pay for health insurance, and they also have savings and checking accounts. Some illegal immigrants, (non US citizens) even get accepted to colleges, even the ones in Wisconsin. Although there are positive and negative outcomes regarding illegal immigrants, I

Should Abortions Be Legal - 939 Words

Should abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for them to choose from? There are a lot of other options for women to consider other than having an abortion. The National Center for health statistics at the centers for disease control and prevention stated, â€Å"The percentage of infants given up in the United States declined from 9 percent of those born before 1973 to 1 percent of those born between 1996 and 2002† (Procon.org). Wendy Koch stated, â€Å"As a result of the lack of women putting their children up for adoption, the number of US infants have dropped tremendously from 90,000 in 1971 to 18,000 in 2007† (Procon.org). Woman should just give up their child for adoption if they do not want to keep it. There is no reason for women to kill an innocent human being if they could just give their baby to someone who cannot have children. I feel like adoptions would be the better option, because abortions deter murder. Abortions deter murder. John Dougherty said, â€Å"Abortion is murder because life begins at conception.† He also said thatShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handi capped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1052 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is a personal matter and is a very sacred and sensitive topic. The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy is what we know of as an abortion. Although abortion is considered to be immorally wrong to some people, it should be a fundamental right for women to control their own bodies. Abortions are one of the many things that everyone has an opinion on. It is one of the most controversial topics anyone will not agree upon. When abortion is discussed, people tend to assume one of two positions:

Human Resource Matrics of Starbucks-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Human resource matrics of Starbucks. Answer: Introduction Starbucks Company is the largest coffeehouse company of the globe. The company opened its first outlet in the year 1971 in the state of Washington, USA. The company has grown in leaps and bounds since then. The management of the company declared itself to be the globes leading dealer and brand of special coffee with more than 13,000 outlets in a sum total of 39 different nations. The company is largely dependent on its Human Resource Management to gain a competitive advantage in the market and also maintain a proper relationship with the customers and establish a long standing trust with each of them (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). The mentioned company also offers benefits to the employees and the stakeholders that include health insurance, medical benefits, financial incentives, festival bonuses and many more as such. This helps the organization to offer friendly and uninterrupted services to the customers of the coffee shop and help them in case of any types of doubt or other queries re garding coffee. The high amount o customer satisfaction enables the firm to attract more and more customers. Human Resource Linkage The linkage map provided by the researcher analyzes the external as well as the internal environment of the organization and helps to determine the workplace conditions present within the company. The most important part of the linkage has been to provide the employees with the proper policies and benefits that help them to work in the perfect way and increase the organizational performance (Marchington et al. 2016). The business unit strategy helps to create job interference and helps in the proper understanding of the employees within the organization. The performance of the workers is measured in the exact way by planning the Human Resources management properly. The determination of the strengths, weaknesses and other factors related to the employees helps the employers to allocate the perfect work to the people according to their level of skills and understanding. HR Scorecard A HR Scorecard is a particular process for Human Resources that help it to structure itself as a strategic partner with the executives and managers of a company. The HR Department of Starbucks has formulated its own set of scorecard that helps it to attain a certain level of profitability for the firm (Becker, Huselid Ulrich, 2001). Implementation of the total process The particular processes by which the business can implement the following set of policies are; Identification of the critical deliverables that are needed for human Resources in Starbucks The proper and efficient identification of the HR customers of the business Conducting a proper cost benefit analysis of the activities that provides deliverables Definition of the HR activities that provide the different critical deliverables However it is also necessary to answer the right questions to determine whether the HR is providing the proper and suitable deliverables. Some of the main questions that arise as a result are as follows; What is the number of exceptional candidates that the management of Starbucks recruits and also retains for each of the strategic job openings? What is the exact difference in the merit payment between the high-performers and the low-performers? How much hour of result oriented training do the new employees receives in a year? The HR forms an undisputed champion behind the success of Starbucks. There is no denial to the fact that the organization relies heavily on the proper strategy formulation of the HR department. The formulation, integration and implementation of the proper set of strategies is utmost essential to the success of the business organization. The smoother is the integration process, the more success the company can attain in the market. Implementation Process The proper tracking and monitoring of the Human Resource functions in Starbucks typically involves the creation of a scorecard or report that lists the KPIs such as the costs of benefit as a percentage of the operating expenses of the company. The alignment of the HR strategic goals with that of the organizational goals the HR professionals of Starbucks helps to ensure the profitability of the business. The scorecard is usually a spreadsheet of data that helps the managers and the supervisors to prove that effective use of HR strategies helps to attain a competitive advantage in the market and allows for cost savings and cost avoidance which in turn helps to earn profits. The main processes by which the management of Starbucks can implement the following process are as follows; Definition of the Business Strategy- The effective HR professionals of the mentioned chain of caf formulates precise, measureable, achievable and realistic goals that are to be achieved within a specific time limit (Bamberger, Biron Meshoulam, 2014). If the management of Starbucks decides to reduce the annual health benefits of the employees, they must take into consideration the price of the different employee benefits and then must define some particular ways to reduce the amount of the employee benefits and then define the specific ways of reducing the different costs. The management might opt for multiple ways to reduce the cost whichever they feel to be better. Business Indicators should be specified- The indicators of the business is one and only data or information. The information helps the business to smoothly carry out its operations. The number of permits, sales figures, growth data and many more such different information helps the HR department as well as the other departments of the organization to take the correct decision (Stone et al. 2015). The recent trend that has been a hit with the HR professionals of the mentioned organization is the preparation of a proper set of strategies that helps to hire, retain the correct set of employees and also measure their performance through key performance indicators. HR Measurement System- The creation of a proper measurement system to determine the performance level of the HR management is a must for organization like Starbucks as marinating a performance indicator in the form of spreadsheets or data can help in the growth of the organization. Conclusion The researcher has been able to provide the exact details regarding the implementation of the HR policies and strategies. He has also thrown light onto the effective implementation of the Key Performance Indicators. The thorough analysis of the following report will help the readers to have a clear idea on the work of the HR professionals of Starbucks and their key responsibility in the success of the organization by strict implementation of the different policies and performance indicators to be followed by the employees to attain considerable success to the organization. References Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. (2014).Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Becker, B., Huselid, M. A., Ulrich, D. (2001). The HR scorecard: Linking people, strategy, and performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G. (2016).International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Gunasekaran, A., Irani, Z., Choy, K. L., Filippi, L., Papadopoulos, T. (2015). Performance measures and metrics in outsourcing decisions: A review for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,161, 153-166. Kavanagh, M. J., Johnson, R. D. (Eds.). (2017).Human resource information systems: Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L., Lukaszewski, K. M., Johnson, R. (2015). The influence of technology on the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 216-231.

The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe free essay sample

The Age of FaithI believe that the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe should be labeled the age of faith. In a time of invasions and inconsistent structure in Europe, the Roman Catholic Church stepped in. From the ashes of The Fall of the Roman Empire grew beautiful, majestic art in the form of cathedrals (document 7). Much of Europe’s culture and the economy came from the church. The economic impact of the Roman Catholic Church was great. A lot of money, materials, and labor were needed to build a cathedral and only a wealthy and powerful organization could build them. Building the Cathedral’s took money, but it also put money back into the economy.During this period, people’s lives were mostly in turmoil. For many, looking towards the church gave them spiritual support and allowed the Church to gain power. As evidenced by the Truce of God, in document 3, â€Å"That from the first day of the Advent of our Lord through Epiphany†¦and throughout the year on every Sunday, Friday, and Saturday, and on the fast days of the four seasons†¦this decree of peace shall be observed†¦so that no one may commit murder, arson, robbery, or assault, no one may injure another with a sword, club, or any kind of weapon†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On†¦every day set aside, or to be set aside, for fasts or feasts, arms may be carried, but on this condition, that no injury shall be done in any way to anyone†¦If it shall happen that any castle is besieged during the days which are included within the peace, the besiegers shall cease from attack unless they are set upon by the besieged and compelled to beat the latter back†¦.† the church believed in the word of God and called for the observance of thereof. The Truce provided a needed respite for the constant battles between landlords. The Crusades were a number of wars that were fought between the Christians and the Muslims, over control of the Holy Land. In 1095, Pope Urban II issued a war to recapture the holy land, as talked about in document 6. â€Å"Your brethren who live in the [Middle] East are in urgent need of your help†¦.For, as most of you have heard, the Turks and the Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Byzantine Empire]. †¦They have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians†¦.They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the Empire†¦.All who die by the way, whether by land or sea or in the battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. † The series of what was about 7 wars lasted about 200 years, and after killing thousands of people the Christians took back the Holy Land. So once again the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe should be labeled as The age of Faith because of how big of an impact it had on Europe as a whole.

Leadership Case Study

0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics

0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics 0-635 Name: Grade 8(N) MYP Science Title: Sound Key concept: Relationships Related concepts: Relationships / Models / interaction Global contexts: Identities and relationships / Roles and role models Topic: The sound wave Statement of inquiry: Models can represent the structural and functional relationship between sound and energy. Inquiry questions: Factual: What is the sound? Conceptual: How do sound travel through mediums? Debatable: What are the applications based on echo? MYP Assessment Criteria B- Inquiring and designing C- Processing and evaluating Writing a lab report about The sound wave Due date is before Tuesday 17/3/2015 Theoretical background Waves transmit energy without transmitting matter. This means that waves can move energy (or information) from one place to another without moving any substance (stuff) from one place to another. The amount of energy which a wave depends on its amplitude. Longitudinal waves move through substance backwards and forwards. After the wave has gone, the substance is back where it started but energy has been carried by the wave from its origin (where it begins) to its destination (where it finishes). The sound wave is a longitudinal wave. It cant travel through a vacuum (nothing), when a longitudinal wave moves through a material, the particles of the material move backwards and forwards along the direction in which the wave is travelling. Below is a picture of a longitudinal wave travelling along a slinky. Rarefaction is the name given to the region where the slinky is pulled apart. Compression is the name given to the region where the slinky is pushed together. The wavelength can be measured as the distance between the centers of two compressions. Wavelength is given the symbol l (Greek lambda), and is measured in meters because it is a distance. Denoted by . Frequency is defined as "the number of complete cycles (complete waves or vibrations) in one second". Hertz is the unit of frequency (symbol Hz). Denoted by . The period of a wave is defined as "the time taken for one complete cycle or vibration". Denoted by T. The wave equation links between frequency and wavelength: Speed = frequency x wavelength v=f f= 1T= ntWhere: v is speed measuren in [M/s] f is frequency measured in [Hz]T is periodic time time needed to complete one cycle measured in [s] N is the number of vibrations T is total time of vibrations measured in [s] Aims: In this investigation you will be able to: Use slinky to calculate the frequency of a wave. Materials: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Task: Your task is to write a lab report about longitudinal waves. Procedure Stretch the slinky between two group members without making it too tight. Make sure the slinky is lying on the floor (as shown in figure 1 below) Create a longitudinal wave pulse by pushing the slinky forward parallel to it. The slinky should still be in a straight line and the wave pulse (squished up part) should travel to the other end of the slinky. Measure the distance that the wave travels between people (the length of the slinky) in meters and record this in table 1. The third person should time the wave through this distance, from one person to another. Enter this time into table 1. You will record the time it takes the longitudinal wave to travel from one person to another for a total of three separate times. These times will not be exactly the same, but should be close to each other. The fourth person should count the number of pulses pass through the slinky for each time. Average these times and enter the average in table 1. To average the time add them up and divide by their number. average time= time1+time2+time33Calculate the speed of this longitudinal wave using the wave equation: speedms=distance traveled (m)time (s)Record the speed of this longitudinal wave you calculated into table 1 in meters per second. Show your work and calculation in analysis part. Communicate scientific information effectively using scientific language correctly. Present all the information appropriately using symbolic and/or visual representation accurately according to the chosen application. Figure 1 Part 1: Introduction Problem statement: How does the amount of vibration affect the frequency? Hypothesis: If the amount of vibration increases then the frequency will increase. Explaining the hypothesis: The frequency will increase because it depends on the amount of vibration speed. Dependent Variable: Frequency Independent Variable: The amount of vibration Controlled variables: Time: (1 min) Equipment: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Procedure: I stretched the slinky between

Article Analysis V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article Analysis V - Essay Example Thus it is a matter of effective communication. This is easier done in the language and culture of the consumer. In other words, the company must acquaint itself with the language and culture of consumers in order to communicate with them. In this regards, the packaging of the item being marketed also plays an important role. Standard packaging helps to create a brand identity. In the movie industry for example, dubbing is often done in local languages and this practice has improved in international studios. Differences in language and culture â€Å"have a significant impact on the way a product may be used in a market, its brand name and the advertising campaign† (Bhushan) as McDonald’s learnt for example, when they failed to appreciate the social cultural dimensions of the market in India. This makes the market hard to break into. To illustrate the problem of language in another region, the sound of Coca-Cola for example, translates into Chinese as ‘A thirsty mouthful of candle wax’. To get round this, the product is known as ‘Kee Kou Keele’ in China, which means ‘Joyful tastes and happiness’. Espoir Cosmetics is an international cosmetics company that wanted to create a new global branding initiative. Natasha Singh who is the executive vice president and global marketing officer of Espoir observes, â€Å"A global strategy will resonate in India in some cases, but I doubt if we will be able to do away with local marketing initiatives. It’s tough to overcome cultural differences.† Thus, she makes it clear that a brand identity must be created in the local region. And, this requires communicating in the language and culture of the region. In this way, the ‘packaging’ is properly targeted. But this is not without some difficulties. The problem with a standard global strategy is that there is a tendency towards ‘overstandardization’ or ‘oversimplification’, which also

DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DNA - Essay Example Production of gametes through meiosis A basic tenet of embryology is the fusion of a male and a female gamete in the process called fertilization. The gametes are haploid cells that are produced in the testes and ovaries of the father and mother, respectively. They are produced in a cell division process called meiosis. This process is special because each of the resulting daughter cells contains just half of the chromosomes of the parent cell. In effect, a child receives 50% of each of the parent’s genetic material. Briefly, it involves two major processes, Meiosis I and then II, each composed of the usual processes of (1) prophase that prepares for (2) metaphase, in which the chromosomes meet in the middle, (3) anaphase, whereby the chromosomes separate and go to two opposite ends of the dividing cell, and (4) telophase, in which the cell membranes separate to ultimately produce the daughter cells. Initially, the gonium is a diploid cell (chromosome number (n) = 46) with rep licated chromosomes in the form of sister chromatids. After Meiosis I, the daughter cells are already haploid (n = 23), because what is separated during Anaphase I are the pairings of homologous chromosomes. Each chromosome carries genes for specific traits, and each chromosome of a homologous pair thus carries an allele per trait. In contrast, during Anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate, producing haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes. Ideally, 4 daughter cells are produced per meiosis of a –gonium, and this is what happens in the production of sperm cells. However, in the case of female gamete formation, 2 daughter cells (1 from meiosis I and 1 from meiosis II), only 1 oocyte is produced from a cycle of meiosis (Campbell and Reece, 2002). DNA replication occurs in preparation for cell division How does DNA replicate? A part of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) unwinds, allowing DNA polymerase and DNA ligase to get into what is known as the replication bubble. The DNA polymerase adds the complement of each nucleotide in the parent strand, completing the whole length of the strands to produce two semi-conservative dsDNA, each composed of a parent strand and a daughter strand. Eventually, these two identical dsDNA, takes the form of sister chromatids, which are separated during mitosis, the somatic cell replication. The resulting daughter cells thus get identical copies of DNA, which is an exact match to the parent cell (Campbell and Reece, 2002). DNA is the genetic code that directs all cellular function Why is it necessary for each cell to bear DNA? The DNA, housed in the nucleus, is the template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) through a process called transcription. In this process, a transcription factor recognizes the TATA sequence 25 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start point. This initiates the binding of RNA polymerase II to the DNA, and binding of additional transcriptional factors, opening up the double strand to produ ce the pre-RNA strand from 5’ to 3’. The pre-mRNA then peels off from the DNA template, and it complete detaches hundreds of nucleotides after reaching the terminating AAUAAA sequence. This undergoes further

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example The difference between them is that the former pre-qualify on the basis of â€Å"good citizenship† working on a part-time basis while the latter are lawyers who sit as full time judges. The former sits in threes with the aid of a legally qualified clerk whilst the latter sits alone (Kelly et al 2005 p. 51; Whincup 2006 p. 7). The Crown Court is part of the Supreme Court together with the Court of Appeal and the High Court. It is a single court which sits in 90 centres unlike the magistrates’ court which is a local court. A Crown Court centre is divided into three tiers: the first tier deals with both civil and criminal cases; the second tier hears criminal cases, and; the third tier hears criminal cases presided by circuit judges and recorders (Kelly et al 2005 p. 52). The Crown Court has a two-fold jurisdiction: original criminal indictable cases, and; appeal cases from summary convictions in the magistrates’ courts. If the accused enters a plea of not guilty, the Crown Court judge hears the case with a jury of twelve. The Court also hears either way-offences (Kelly et al 2005 p. 52). The Magistrates’ Courts, aside from having jurisdiction over criminal cases as stated earlier, have also civil jurisdiction. This civil jurisdiction is largely confined to domestic issues like adoption, affiliation, guardianship and the maintenance and separation issues in separation and divorce proceedings between husbands and wives (Whincup 2007 p. 7).. The County Court is part of the national system and hears minor civil disputes, claims for contract breaches and torts up to  £50,000. A lone judge sits, sometimes joined by a jury. It also hears small claims (below  £5000) although the task is relegated to a registrar who is the court’s administrative officer and follows a less stringent procedural method (Whincup 2007 p. 7). The High Court deals with the most important civil cases with its approximately 100 judges appointed so by the Lord Chancellor. It has

Self-healing Materials and Shape Memory Polymers

Self-healing Materials and Shape Memory Polymers Topic Area: self-healing materials, shape memory polymers and flame retardant polymers Emerging Polymer materials       Md Hossion Shovon Introduction: The ability of a nation to harness nature as well as its ability to cope up with the challenges posed by it is determined by its complete knowledge of materials and its ability to develop and produce them for various applications. Advanced Materials are at the heart of many technological developments that touch our lives. Electronic materials for communication and information technology, optical fibers, laser fibers sensors for the intelligent environment, energy materials for renewable energy and environment, light alloys for better transportation, materials for strategic applications and more. Advanced materials have a wider role to play in the upcoming future years because of its multiple uses and can be of a greater help for whole humanity. Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage. List of currently emerging technologies, which contains some of the most prominent ongoing developments, a dvances, and Materials Science and Nanotechnology Innovations are Graphene, Fullerene, Conductive Polymers, Metamaterials, Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes, Superalloy, Lithium-ion batteries, etc. Over the last decade, smart polymeric materials have been used in biochemical sciences in many ways. Since the term, smart polymeric materials encompasses a wide spectrum of different compounds with unique potential for biological applications, Self-healing Polymers: Self-healing polymers are a new class of smart materials that have the capability to repair themselves when they are damaged without the need for detection or repair by manual intervention of any kind. Increasing demand for petroleum feedstocks used to produce polymer and the need for polymeric materials with improved performance in challenging applications continue to drive the need for materials with extended lifetimes. One way to extend the lifetime of a material is to mitigate the mechanism leading to failure. In brittle polymers, failure occurs through crack formation and propagation (1,2) and the ability to repair these cracks when they are still very small will prevent further propagation thus extending the lifetime of the material. Emerging self-healing technologies designed to give polymeric materials the capability to arrest crack propagation at an early stage thereby preventing catastrophic failures will go a long way in helping to increase the scope of applications of the se materials. With the need for autonomic repair of materials without external intervention thus evident, more recent research has focused on developing fully self-healing systems. One approach to the design of such systems employs the compartmentalization of a reactive healing agent, which is then incorporated into a composite material. Thus, when a crack propagates through the material, it causes the release of the healing agent from the compartment in which it is stored into the crack plane where it solidifies and repairs the material. The first basic application of this approach consisted of an epoxy matrix with suspended glass capillaries filled with either cyanoacrylate or a two-part epoxy resin. When a crack propagated through the cured epoxy matrix, the glass capillaries were fractured and the cyanoacrylate monomer or the two-part epoxy generally referred to as healing agents, were released into the crack plane where they reacted and polymerized. A significant recovery of the mechanical properties of the samples after they were allowed to heal suggests that the cracked material was effectively repaired by the polymerized healing agent. Since the healing requires only crack propagation as the trigger for the healing mechanism, it represents a truly autonomic or self-healing material. While a successful demonstration of self-healing, the labor-intensive process of manually filling capillaries and distributing them evenly throughout the matrix make this approach unsuitable for scale-up. Shape-memory Polymers: Shape-memory polymers are an emerging class of active polymers that have the dual-shape capability. They can change their shape in a predefined way from shape A to shape B when exposed to an appropriate stimulus. While shape B is given by the initial processing step, shape A is determined by applying a process called programming. The shape-memory research was initially founded on the thermally induced dual-shape effect. This concept has been extended to other stimuli by either indirect thermal actuation or direct actuation by addressing stimuli-sensitive groups on the molecular level. Finally, polymers are introduced that can be multifunctional. Besides their dual-shape capability, these active materials are biofunctional or biodegradable. Potential applications for such materials as active medical devices are highlighted. Shape-memory polymers are dual-shape materials belonging to the group of actively moving polymers. They can actively change from a shape A to a shape B. Shape A is a temporary shape that is obtained by mechanical deformation and subsequent fixation of that deformation. This process also determines the change of shape shift, resulting in shape B, which is the permanent shape. In shape-memory polymers reported so far, heat or light has been used as the stimulus. Using irradiation with infrared light, application of electric fields, alternating magnetic fields, or immersion in water, indirect actuation of the shape memory effect has also been realized. The shape-memory effect only relies on the molecular architecture and does not require a specific chemical structure in the repeating units. Therefore, intrinsic material properties, e.g. mechanical properties, can be adjusted to the need of specific applications by variation of molecular parameters, such as the type of monomer or the comonomer ratio. An example of a cross-linked polymer network synthesized by polyaddition of monofunctional monomers with low molecular weight or oligomeric cross-linkers has been realized in polyurethanes by the addition of trimethyl owl to the reaction mixture. The reaction of tetra-functional silanes, working as net points, with oligomeric silanes, which work as spacers and to which two distinct benzoate-based mesogenic groups have been attached, results in a formation of a main-chain smectic-C elastomer38. In contrast to other liquid-crystalline elastomers, which display a shape-changing behavior and have been compared to shape-memory polymers recently, these elastomers have shape-memory properties. The cross-linking process during synthesis defines the permanent shape. The shape-memory effect is triggered by the thermal transition of the liquid-crystalline domains. In the programming process, the polymer network is heated to the isotropic state of the liquid crystalline domains, stretched or twisted, and then cooled below the clearing transition temperature of the smectic-C mesogens. Upon reheating over this clearing transition, the permanent shape can be recovered. In contrast to shape-changing liquid crystalline elastomer systems, thes e polymers display shape-memory behavior because the liquid crystalline moieties work as a switch. In shape-changing liquid-crystalline elastomers, the molecular movement of the single liquid crystals is converted into a macroscopic movement Another class of thermoplastic shape memory polymers with Trans = Tg are polyesters. In copolyesters based on poly(Ɇº-caprolactone) and poly (butylene terephthalate), the poly (butylene terephthalate) segments act as physical cross-linkers25. The shape-memory capability can also be added to a polymer using a polymer-analogous reaction. A polymer-analogous reaction is the application of a standard organic reaction (like the reduction of a ketone to an alcohol) to a polymer having several of these reactive groups. An example is the polymer-analogous reduction of a polyketone with NaBH4/THF, which results in a poly(ketone-co-alcohol). The polyketones are synthesized by late transition metal catalyzed polymerization of propene, hex-1-ene, or a mixture of propane and hex-1-ene with CO. The Tg of this polymer is directly related to the degree of reduction, which can be adjusted by the amount of NaBH4/THF. The most promising shape-memory material is a partly reduced poly (ethylene -co-propane-co-carbon oxide), which displayed a phase-separated morphology with hard microcrystalline ethylene/CO-rich segments within a softer amorphous polyketone ethylene-propene/CO-rich matrix. The crystalline domains of this material work as physical cross-linkers. This results in an elastic behavior above Tg because the glass transition temperature (Trans = Tg) is related to the switching phase. Partial reduction of the material allows control of Tg, which can be adjusted from below room temperature to 75 °C. Flame-retardant Polymers: Fire-safe polymers are polymers that are resistant to degradation at high temperatures. There is need for fire-resistant polymers in the construction of small, enclosed spaces such as skyscrapers, boats, and airplane cabins. In these tight spaces, ability to escape in the event of a fire is compromised, increasing fire risk. In fact, some studies report that about 20% of victims of airplane crashes are killed not by the crash itself but by ensuing fires. Fire-safe polymers also find application as adhesives in aerospace materials, insulation for electronics and in military materials such as canvas tenting. Some fire-safe polymers naturally exhibit an intrinsic resistance to decomposition, while others are synthesized by incorporating fire-resistant additives and fillers. Current research in developing fire-safe polymers is focused on modifying various properties of the polymers such as ease of ignition, rate of heat release, and the evolution of smoke and toxic gases. Standard methods for testing polymer flammability vary among countries; in the United States common fire tests include the UL 94 small-flame test, the ASTM E 84 Steiner Tunnel, and the ASTM E 622 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) smoke chamber. Research on developing fire-safe polymers with more desirable properties is concentrated at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and at the Federal Aviation Administration where a long-term research program on developing fire-safe polymers was begun in 1995. The Center for UMass/Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP) was established in 1980 in Amherst, MA as a concentrated cluster of scientists from both academia and industry for the purpose of polymer science and engineering research. Controlling the flammability of different materials has been a subject of interest since 450 B.C. when Egyptians attempted to reduce the flammability of wood by soaking it in potassium aluminum sulfate (alum). Research on fire-retardant polymers was bolstered by the need for new types of synthetic polymers in World War II. The combination of a halogenated paraffin and antimony oxide was found to be successful as a fire retardant for canvas tenting. Synthesis of polymers, such as polyesters, with fire retardant monomers were also developed around this time.. Additives are divided into two basic types depending on the interaction of the additive and polymer. Reactive flame retardants are compounds that are chemically built into the polymer. They usually contain heteroatoms. Additive flame retardants, on the other hand, are compounds that are not covalently bound to the polymer; the flame retardant and the polymer are just physically mixed together. Only a few elements are being widely used in this field: aluminum, phosphorus, nitrogen, antimony, chlorine, bromine, and in specific applications magnesium, zinc and carbon. One prominent advantage of the flame retardants (FRs) derived from these elements is that they are relatively easy to manufacture. The most important flame retardants systems used act either in the gas phase where they remove the high energy radicals H and OH from the flame or in the solid phase, where they shield the polymer by forming a charred layer and thus protect the polymer from being attacked by oxygen and heat. Fl ame retardants based on bromine or chlorine, as well as a number of phosphorus compounds act chemically in the gas phase and are very efficient. Others only act in the condensed phase such as metal hydroxides (aluminum trihydrate, or ATH, magnesium hydroxide, or MDH, and boehmite), metal oxides and salts (zinc borate and zinc oxide, zinc hydroxystannate), as well as expandable graphite and some nanocomposites (see below). Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are also effective in the condensed phase, and as they also may act in the gas phase, they are quite efficient flame retardants. Overviews of the main flame retardants families, their mode of action and applications are given in. Besides providing satisfactory mechanical properties and renewability, natural fibers are easier to obtain and much cheaper than man-made materials. Moreover, they are more environmentally friendly. Recent research focuses on application of different types of fire retardants during the manufacturing proces s as well as applications of fire retardants (especially intumescent coatings) at the finishing stage. A good example for a very efficient phosphorus-based flame retardant system acting in the gas and condensed phases is aluminum diethyl phosphonate in conjunction with synergists such as melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and others. These phosphonates are mainly used to flame retard polyamides (PA) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) for flame retarded applications in electrical engineering/electronics (EE). These are well illustrated by the investigations on glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 flames retarded with red phosphorus (PA 66-GF/Pr), which demonstrate these charming characteristics Figure 1 shows the thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition of PA 66-GF/Pr in comparison to PA 66-GF, as well as the performance in cone calorimeter experiments. For both materials, decomposition is characterized by at least three different processes, which strongly overlap for PA 66-GF and are clearly separated for PA 66-GF/Pr. Some decomposition processes are shifted to lower temperatures so that the decomposition region is broadened. There is only a small increase in thermal stability for the final decomposition step. Thermal decomposition changes from a one-step decomposition to a two-step decomposition characteristic. In fire tests, PA 66-GF/Pr is an effective charging material, achieving a clear reduction in THE and HRR in the cone calorimeter, as well as the highest self-extinction classifi cation V-0 in the UL 94, whereas in the case of PA 66-GF all of the polymeric material is consumed so that only the glass fibers remain. Thermo-oxidative decomposition of PA 66 was concluded to occur in cone calorimeter experiments before ignition when a black skin is built up, and during afterglow after flame-out, when a further decrease in mass occurs accompanied by CO production. During the forced-flaming between ignition and flame-out, a stable flame rules out a major influence of oxygen on the decomposition during pyrolysis. The mass loss after flaming combustion and the burning time are used to estimate an average effective pyrolysis temperature. This temperature was estimated by the necessary equivalent isothermal thermos gravimetry with the same mass loss in the burning time. This is a very rough estimation, of course, since the sample in the cone calorimeter, which is characterized by a temperature profile developing over time, is described by a constant temperature independent of place and time. However, since the specimens investigated were rather thin (2.8 mm) and contained inert filler, and because the fire residue was rather homogenous, the values summarized in Table 3 reasonably estimate the effect. The pyrolysis temperature for PA 66-GF is controlled by the decomposition temperature of the polymer and remains more or less constant for all irradiations used. The calculated temperature is higher than-but still close to-the temperature characteristic for the maximum mass loss rate in thermos grav imetry, and the temperature increases slightly with increasing irradiation. The PA 66 is consumed nearly completely by the pyrolysis zone running through the sample. The approximated pyrolysis temperature of PA 66-GF/Pr is characterized by the decomposition temperature of the first decomposition step and thus crucially lower than the temperatures concluded for PA 66-GF. Summary: The development and characterization of self-healing synthetic polymeric materials have been inspired by biological systems in which damage triggers an autonomic healing response. This is an emerging and fascinating area of research that could significantly extend the working life and safety of the polymeric components for a broad range of applications The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) with potential applications in biomedical devices, aerospace, textiles, civil engineering, bionics engineering, energy, electronic engineering, and household products. Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) have further enhanced and broadened the applications of shape memory polymers. In addition to reinforcement, SMPCs can enable or enhance thermal stimuli-active effects, novel shape memory effect, and new functions. Many thermal stimuli-responsive effects have been achieved such as electroactive effect, magnetic-active effect, water- active effect, and photoactive effect. The typical examples of novel shape memory effects are multiple shape memory effect, spatially controlled shape memory effect, and two-way shape memory effects. In addition, new functions of SMPCs have been observed and systemically studied such as stimuli-memory effect and self-healing. Flame retardancy of polymeric materials is conducted to provide fire protection to flammable consumer goods, as well as to mitigate fire growth in a wide range of fires. Incorporating flame-resistant additives into polymers became a common and relatively cheap way to reduce the flammability of polymers, while synthesizing intrinsically fire-resistant polymers has remained a more expensive alternative, although the properties of these polymers are usually more efficient at deterring combustion References: Fame, Fire and Materials http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites http://www.sciencedirect.com Emerging Areas of Materials Science and Nanotechnology http://materialsscience.conferenceseries.com Schartel, Bernhard Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms-Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development Braun, U.; Balabanovich, A.I.; Schartel, B.; Knoll, U.; Artner, J.; Ciesielski, M.; Dà ¶ring, M.; Perez, R.; Sandler, J.K.W.; et al. Influence of the Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Decomposition and Fire Behaviour of Flame-Retarded Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymer 2006, 47, 8495-8508 Perez, R.; Sandler, J.K.W.; et al. Influence of the Oxidation State of Phosphorus on the Decomposition and Fire Behaviour of Flame-Retarded Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymer 2006, 47, 8495-8508 Zhang, H. Fire-Safe Polymers and Polymer Composites, Federal Aviation Administration technical report; U.S. Department of Transportation: Washington, D.C., 2004. Kumar, D.; Gupta, A. D.; Khullar, M. Heat-resistant thermosetting polymers based on a novel tetrakisaminophenoxycyclotriphosphazene. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 1993, 31 (11), 2739-2745.

milhouses revenge :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Milhouse is from the simpsons. Blah, Blah.Annotated Bibliography Clark, Andrew. â€Å"Pat Bullard: Working the Room for Roseanne.† http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue 06.24.93ARTSco0624.htm *A perspective from a writer from the show telling how Roseanne wanted to make her show based on a real family and that she wanted to be true to her audience. Good secondary source with commentary from an actual writer from the show. Lindley, Margaret. â€Å"Roseanne†. Australian Journal of Comedy. Volume 2, Number 1. 1996. *Talks about controversial issues that the show covers and gives an analysis of how the show deals with them. Also talks about each character and the issues they go through. Talks about family relationships as well as relationships outside of the family. Wolcott, James. â€Å"On Television: Roseanne Hits Home.† The New Yorker: New York, October 1992. *Shows that â€Å"Roseanne† is one of the few television shows to ever really show what a true American family is like. Tells how Roseanne exemplifies the problems that a normal American family has, and doesn’t give a false faà §ade as to the perfect life of an American family. The actual show. (we don’t know how to do a bibliography for this one -please help) *We’ll show examples of actual episodes to prove our report. TV-Guide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/tv/shows/ShowPage.asp?iProgramID=3738 *Talks about each specific episode and the topic it covers. Lecture 10 - Kingdom Animalia: Vertebrate Phylogeny and Diversity 1.5 lectures I. Phylum Chordata A. Characteristics (Fig 34.1) 1. Notochord 2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits 4. Muscular postnatal tail B. Protochordata 1. Cephalochordata - Lancets (Fig 34.3) a. Adults - chordate characteristics persist b. Filter food through pharyngeal slits 2. Urochordata - Tunicates (Fig 34.2) a. Larvae - have chordate characteristics b. Adults - sessile filter feeders, lacking some chordate characteristics (no post anal tail, notochord, spinal cord) C. Vertebrata 1. Vertebrae - segmented cartilaginous or bony protection around the nerve cord (spinal cord) 2. Greater cephalization a. Skeleton includes cranium and vertebral column i. replaces notocord as main axis of body ii. may be bone or cartilage b. Support greater mobility and activity II. Chordate/Vertebrate Phylogeny (modify Fig 34.6) A. Split #1 - bearing or lacking vertebrae 1. Lacking - protochordates (Urochordata & cepahlochordata) 2. Bearing - vertebrata B. Split #2 - bearing or lacking jaws (Fig 34.8) 1. Lacking - agnathans (lampreys) 2. Bearing - all other a. Jaws evolved from gill arch skeletal elements C. Split #3 - bony or cartilaginous skeleton 1. Cartilagenous - chondrichthyes 2. Bony - all other D. Split #4 - fins or limbs 1. Fins - Osteichthyes (bony fishes) 2. Limbs - tetrapods a. Evolution - from lobe finned fishes, tetrapod condition may have evolved prior to lungs (Fig.

Fact File on the Spartacist Essay

The spartocist uprising was also known as the January uprising, it was a general strike in Germany from 5 January to 15 January, in 1919. The aim of the spartocist was outlined in their manifesto. ‘The Spartocist manifesto 1918 The question today is not democracy of dictorship. The question that history has put on the agenda reads: bourgeois democracy or socialist democracy. For the dictatorship of the proletariat does not mean bombs, putsches (pushes), riots and anarchy, as the against of the capitalist profits deliberately and falsely claim. Rather, it means using all the instruments of political power to achieve socialism, to expropriate the capitalist class, through and in accordance with the will of the revolutionary majority of the proletariat’. This is referenced from: www. schoolhistory. org. uk/As level_ History/spartacistuprising. htm This shows that the communist do not wish to start was but want to help the community and its people. They want to make right and equality. The do not wish to harm their country as they’re the people living in Germany. The uprising began after January 4 after the discharge of Berlin Chief of police, who was also the member of Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) by the â€Å"Council of the people’s deputies†. He had, then, refused to take up action against striking workers on Christmas Eve on December 24. In every sense, it was futile at that moment, to gesture against the government. Elbert Friedrich withdrew his government to the safety of Weimer and allowed the police and what remained of the regular army to bring peace and stability to Berlin, once again. There was no mercy shown to the spartocist/communist whose leaders were murdered after their arrest. The majority of the spartocist were civilian. No-one doubted who would win. Around 100 civilians, 17 police cop soldiers died during the fight. Liebknecht and Luxemburg were captured and killed by the police-with their death, the party fell into a temporary disorganisation and untidiness through the communist party gained strength in 1920’s under the leadership of Thurman. By 1928, the spartocist/communist had grown into a minority political party.

Ivy Day 2019 What Is It, When Is It, and What to Do Next

Ivy Day 2019 What Is It, When Is It, and What to Do Next SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve applied or are currently applying to Ivy League schools, you’ve likely heard the phrase "Ivy Day." Ivy Day, or Ivy Admissions Day, is when all the Ivy League schools announce their admissions decisions for regular decision first-year applicants. Keep reading to learn more about what to expect on Ivy Day, when Ivy Day 2019 will be, and what to do with your admissions decision(s) once Ivy Day is over. Feature Image: Robert Barnet/Flickr What Is Ivy Day? Ivy Day is the day, usually in late March, when all Ivy League schools release their regular admissions decisions online.The eight Ivies- Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Penn, Princeton, and Yale- typically release their decisions at the same exact time as well.This time varies every year but tends to be either 5 pm or 7 pm ET. Top schools that are not in the Ivy League typically have different decisions release dates. In 2018, Amherst released its admissions decisions earlier than Ivy Day on March 23, whereas Caltech released its decisions on March 10. Occasionally, a non-Ivy school's decisions release date overlaps with Ivy Day; NYU, for instance, released its decisions on Ivy Day in 2018 (though at an earlier time). Ivy Day decisions are only for studentswho applied regular decision to at least one Ivy League school. For example, if you applied regular decision to Brown, Dartmouth, and Harvard, you could expect to get your admissions notification online for each school at the same time on Ivy Day. Note that students who applied early decision or early action will receive their Ivy decisions earlier, usually in December or January depending on the school. Because all Ivies release their admissions notifications at the same time through their respective online portals, and because applicants are (understandably) eager to get their results as soon as possible, Ivy Day often means long loading times and a bigger chance of page crashes due to the immense online traffic. Therefore, although it’s perfectly OK to check your admissions status as soon as the clock strikes Ivy admissions decisions time, just know that you might not be able to access your decision(s) as quickly as you hoped to. If you hit any major online traffic or are facing constant page crashes, it might be better to get off your computer and wait an hour or two until the traffic dies down a bit and you can check your admissions results without issue. Applying to an Ivy? Then you might end up here at Yale. When Is Ivy Day 2019? You know what Ivy Day is, but what about when? Unfortunately, the exact date for Ivy Day 2019 has not yet been officially confirmed by any Ivy League schools.However, by analyzing previous years' Ivy Days, we can make an educated guess as to when Ivy Day 2019 will take place. Below is a table showing Ivy Days from previous years and their days, dates, and times: Year Ivy Day and Date Time Decisions Released 2018 Wednesday, March 28 7 pm ET 2017 Thursday, March 30 5 pm ET 2016 Thursday, March 31 5 pm ET 2015 Tuesday, March 31 5 pm ET As you can see, Ivy Day is always at the end of March, so we can rest assured that Ivy Day 2019, too, will happen around this time. Over the past few years, Ivy Day has been moving forward in time- from March 31 to March 28- so it’s possible that Ivy Day 2019 will happen on or before March 28, most likely at 5 or 7 pm ET. We’ll update this article as soon as the official date is made available, but until then, expect to hear back from all the Ivies you applied to sometime in the middle of the last week of March 2019. What to Do After Ivy Admissions Day Ivy Day has finally arrived and you've spent minutes battling through the online traffic to access your admissions decisions.Maybe you got into a few Ivies but rejected from your top choice. Or maybe you got rejected from all of them. The question is still the same, regardless of your admissions decisions: What do you do next? In this section, we go over the steps to take for different Ivy Day admissions decision scenarios. Ivy Day Scenario 1: You Got Accepted to Your Top Choice! You got online and caught a glimpse of the word "Congratulations!" before erupting into a fit of joy.You did it! You got accepted to your top-choice school! Once you’ve spent time congratulating yourself and showing off your acceptance letter to family and friends, it’s time to sit down and ask yourself: what now? First off, if you’re having any doubts that this is the school you really want to go to, it’s perfectly OK to wait until you've heard back from all other schools you applied to (Ivies and non-Ivies alike) before you make your final decision. Don’t feel pressured to attend this Ivy simply because you got accepted.Think about what you personally hope to gain from your college experience, and then choose the university- Ivy or not!- that fits this criteria best. If this top-choice Ivy really is your overall top-choice school and you know you want to go there no matter what, your next step will be to formally agree to attend this school. Before you do this, though, make sure that you’ve had the chance to discuss costs for this school with your parents (or whoever is helping you pay for college) and that you clearly understand your financial aid package. After you’ve accepted your invitation to attend the school, you can then get started on declining any acceptances you got from other colleges. Ivy Day Scenario 2: You Got Waitlisted at Your Top Choice You eagerly checked your admissions decision from your top-choice school only to be met with a pang of confusion: you've been offered a place on the waitlist.You don’t feel elated yet you’re not devastated either.After all, getting waitlisted means you could still get accepted. This limbo stage can be tricky to deal with, but if you really want the opportunity to get accepted to your top choice- and you’re willing to wait just a little longer- you'll want toimmediately accept the invitation to be put on their waitlist.This will officially keep you in the running for a possible spot in that Ivy League school's newest freshman class. Assuming this school is still your top choice, it might also be a good idea to let the school know that if you’re accepted off the waitlist, you’ll 100% attend.Write a letter to the school letting them know this. You can include details such as what classes you'd like to take and how you can envision yourself being highly successful there. Ultimately, anything you can do to stress that this Ivy League school is your top choice will reflect positively on you as the admissions committee works its way through the waitlist. Unfortunately, you’ll more than likely not hear back about your waitlist decision until after the decision deadline (May 1) has passed.Indeed, many college waitlist decisions aren’t made until July or even right before the fall semester/quarter starts! As a result, you should put down a deposit for your second-choice school, even if you haven’t yet heard from your top-choice school.This way, if you don’t get off the waitlist, you'll still have a spot confirmed at another school you're happy to attend. Worst case scenario, you get accepted to your top-choice school and lose your deposit money. But, hey, this means you get to attend your top choice! Ivy Day Scenario 3: You Got Rejected by Your Top Choice Maybe Ivy Day wasn’t an exciting day for you because you got the dreaded rejection from your top-choice school.It’s OK to be upset about this- you just found out that you won't be able to attend your dream school.This is a huge setback, so it’s normal to feel sad, angry, and confused. But it’s also important to remember that all Ivy League schools are extremely hard to get into, so much so that the vast majority of applicants get rejected.So you’re definitely in good company! And getting rejected says nothing about your intellectual ability or academic promise. Once you’ve come to accept your rejection, it’s time to weigh your options: the schools (Ivy and non-Ivy) you have been accepted to. If you got into your second-choice school and know for sure you want to go here, get started on accepting your offer of admission here and on declining any admission offers you received from other schools. On the other hand, if you don’t have a second-choice school or are doubting where you’d like to go since getting rejected from your dream school, take some time to really consider which college you’ll be most satisfied at. Therule of thumb is to wait until you’ve heard back from every school you’ve applied to and then look at your acceptances. As you consider your options, here are some key questions to ask yourself to help you figure out which college will be the best fit for you: Are there any schools you’ve been accepted to that you can readily and clearly envision yourself attending? Where do you see yourself excelling intellectually while also having fun? Which colleges have offered the best financial aid packages to you? Ivy Day Scenario 4: You Got Rejected by All Ivies You Applied To Ivy Day isn’t a happy day for everyone, especially if you got rejected from all the Ivies you applied to.This is certainly much more of a setback than if you got rejected from one or two Ivies but still got into at least one. It’s important at this time to take care of yourself before you make any college decisions.Allow yourself to be upset, sad, or angry (or all three!). That said, try to also remind yourself that college admissions are really a mixed bag, especially when it comes to the Ivy League. Many qualified applicants are turned down each year. Indeed, the acceptance rates for Ivy League schools are abysmally low, so you’re certainly not in the minority if you get rejected! Moreover, know that Ivies aren’t the be-all and end-all of colleges. There are tons more schools that are just as good as, if not better than, the Ivies, and if you’ve been accepted to any of those, that’s a huge accomplishment! Once you’ve had some time to mentally process the rejections, it’s time to start looking at your other college options.Take a look at the colleges you have been accepted to.Are there any you want to attend more than others?If so, get rid of the schools you’re not as interested in and start doing some research on the schools you are thinking of going to. If, on the other hand, you’re at a total loss as to where to go to college now that you haven't gotten accepted to the Ivies you applied to, it’s a good idea to buckle down and start doing research on each school you’ve been accepted to. Specifically, you’ll want to look closely at the academics/majors offered, campus, extracurricular activities, and overall atmosphere of each school. I suggest goingonline to each school's official website; you can also check out real student opinions on websites such as College Confidential, Reddit, and Niche. If possible, try visiting the campus directly to help give you a more direct look at what kind of environment and amenities a particular school offers students. Finally, be sure to consider the financial aid packages you've received from each school.If one school is offering you a lot more aid than your other schools are- and cost is a huge factor for you- the amount of financial assistance you getmight be the main reason you pick a certain college. Doing all of this should help you narrow down your choices and eventually find the best college for you! What’s Next? Want to learn more about the Ivy League?Check out our expert guides to learnhow to get into Harvard,what kinds of admission rates Ivy League schools have, and what the current rankings of Ivy League schools are. To get into the Ivy League- and other top schools- you'll need to earn super high SAT/ACT scores. Written by our resident full scorer, our guides on how to get a perfect SAT/ACT score will help you achieve this goal in no time at all! Want to get into Harvard or your personal top choice college? We can help. 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Compare and contrast three examples of gothic fiction Essays

Compare and contrast three examples of gothic fiction Essays Compare and contrast three examples of gothic fiction Paper Compare and contrast three examples of gothic fiction Paper Essay Topic: Beauty and the Beast and Other Tales Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Literature Frankenstein, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Island of Dr. Moreau are excellent examples of Gothic fiction. These stories deal with the forces of good against evil. The good forces are the family, social conscience, religious belief and moral judgement, all constituents of a civilised society. The evil side is the corruption of conscience, the misuse of power, violation of nature and rampant ego. The themes of each work explore the dual nature of mankind. Behind the benevolent face of civilisation there still lurks the beast within every man and it is this fear that the protagonists exploit to justify their blasphemous experiments. The brooding gothic background is powerful vehicle for writers to express their unease regarding the imbalance between nature, science, man and spirituality. Frankenstein is the story of a brilliant chemist who discovers the elixir of life and sets himself up as a creator. The second story is The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, the equally famous tale of a scientist who assaults the social order by unleashing his dark side. Finally The Island of Dr Moreau, is where we meet the most modern of the three scientists, but we are left without a solid description of what we must fear. The Island of Dr Moreau, as with the other two novels, deals with the failures of science. As Mason Harris points out: The Island of Dr Moreau, where science fails, belongs entirely to the Gothic genre Early reviewers condemned the story for gruesomeness and blasphemy and readers since have found it particularly disturbing. (Harris 7) He also points out that: Gothic horror endows the story with a deep ambivalence towards science and contributes much to the mood and anxious uncertainty in which it ends. ( Harris 7) The very fact that practically everyone knows of Dr Frankensteins experiments is ample proof of the fear that science can invoke. What draws us to this tale is the very nature of what Frankensteins experiments. Sometimes in the gore of Hollywoods version of the tale, it is possible to forget the magnitude of his accomplishment. He does not reanimate a corpse, he fashions a new being and through his own knowledge imbues it with life. Only one other being has every accomplished that feat; namely God. That Shelleys anti-hero is usurping the role of the Divine is evident from the outset. Shelleys tale is one of a terrible act against God and humanity. Frankenstein sought to create something beautiful and larger than life but ultimately created something corrupt and pathetic. Unlike God who oversees his creation in what is perceived to be a paternal and all-powerful way, Frankenstein is unable to maintain any paternal responsibilities or care for his monster. The monster was of a cerebral conception, of a monstrous creation without proper nurturing. In his laboratory of dark horrors Frankenstein fashions an entirely male birth denying the necessity of the female in creation. The monstrous conception and birthing room is described in Frankensteins journal: I pursued nature to her hiding places. Who shall the conceive the horrors of my secret toil, as I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave, or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay?.. I had returned to my old habits, I collected bones from the charnel houses-houses; and disturbed, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame.. he dissecting room and the slaughterhouse furnished many of my materials. (Shelley 54-55) As God breathed life into Adam, so Victor Frankenstein used his perverted science in re-animating the monstrous corpse into an abomination of Gods creation. When Frankenstein has to confront the truth of his actions he is horrified and the beauty of the dream vanished and breathless horror of disgust filled my heart. Such is his fear and horror, Frankenstein is compelled to leave the monster and walk out his terrors through the streets. As he hurries on a verse from Coleridges Ancient Mariner fills his mind: Like one who, on a lonely road, doth walk in fear and dread. Because he knows a frightful fiend, Doth close behind him tread. (Shelley 59) This verse highlights Frankensteins isolation from his monster, his fellow man and his original intentions. It is at this time that Frankenstein is aware that his experiment was a failure and indeed far worse. The very subtitle of the book, A Modern Prometheus, must in part refer to the Titan who fashioned men from clay, and thus establishes Frankenstein as both creator and god. Repeatedly Shelley hammers home the direct analogy between God and Frankenstein. The Monster likens himself to Adam and Satan, and no opportunity is lost to refer to Frankenstein as creator and father. Furthermore, while there is a direct theft of Gods duties there also is what amounts to an attack on God himself as the creator and embodiment of nature. When Frankenstein is hiking in his native mountains we are told that: The immense mountains and precipices that overhung me on every side. . . spoke of a power mighty as Omnipotence and [Frankenstein] ceased to fear, or to bend before any being less almighty than that which had created and ruled the elements. If God is the master of nature then Frankenstein seems to aspire to no less a title when he states: It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things, or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my enquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Shelley 37) At times of great tension, Shelley changes the mood to a more descriptive and reflective setting. For example, after the death of his mother, Frankenstein goes hiking in the mountains to reflect upon the power and omnipotence of nature, which acted as a salve to his tortured soul. Similarly, Frankensteins creation the monster seeks relief from his misery. After being abandoned by Frankenstein he is tormented by hunger, cold and solitude and he seeks out somewhere warm and safe. The monster has not been created without intelligence or feelings but has been left to learn without direction or education. His sorrow is the realisation that he is hideous to his fellow man and he will always be isolated, a permanent outcast from society. If Frankenstein feels at the end of the story to have put himself outside of accepted society by reason of his actions, then the monster pathetically has no choice in his exclusion and longs for the serenity of death. Frankensteins desire to master the science of creation is far stronger when measured against his subtler desire for mastery of his beloved, Elizabeth, who is presented as a proxy for nature from her first appearance. Is it at all surprising that the Frankensteins Monster destroys Elizabeth, just as Frankenstein is trying to usurp God? The fear that Frankenstein evokes is thus not just the fear of a murderous monster; rather, it is the fear of science run amok. It is possible that Shelley was merely trying to write a scary ghost story with the trappings of science that she picked up from her travelling companions. While there is certainly a case to be made for the fact that the story can be read as a proxy for any creation that spin out of control, it remains particularly poignant when thought of in relation to science. Firstly because it implies that the very act of science can undermine belief systems. If man can create life then does one truly need a God? And secondly, it implies that the material products of science, whether intended for good or ill, may have disastrous effects on their creators as well as innocent bystanders. It does not seem at all surprising that a world in the political, economic and social unrest of the early 19th century would call forth something like Frankenstein. Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Mr Hyde maintains some of the elements we have seen in Frankenstein but adds a new twist both to the role and character of the scientist and to the dangers of science. The novel is enduring because of the protagonists actions and their effects on his own psyche and his social environment. However, it may be worthwhile to take a moment to re-examine the character of Jekyll. Most perceive Jekyll as the good side of the coin with Hyde as the bad. While Hyde is definitely Jekylls dark side, it is a mistake to see Jekyll as the good. Jekyll implies that he was prone to living a life somewhat more immoral than that of a decent English gentleman, but that he had done his best to suppress these urges under a respectable veneer. Jekyll created Hyde as a mechanism to let his socially inappropriate impulses free. Of course, he soon found that his own will was not strong enough to control the beast he had created and when science eventually failed him as well, his very self was destroyed. In some ways Jekylls crime does not seem to be as ungodly as that of Frankensteins. His crimes were against the social structure of man, rather than an immediate affront to God. He reshaped a being out of his own person who was, alone, in the ranks of mankind, [who was] pure evil. With such a terrifying description one might think that the fear this book inspires is about the depths of evil that lurk within every mans soul. This, however, is not the case. While our age may have dulled our senses to everyday sins, it seems difficult to think that Victorian society would have considered Hydes debauchery, grouchiness and even his single murder to be the ultimate in evil. This is not to say that Hyde would not have been a frightful notion to that society, but simply that his fearfulness would have arisen from the threat that he posed to the social order. We may take the pre-transformation Jekyll as the paradigm of a proper gentleman. He was: born to a large fortune, endowed . . . with excellent parts, inclined by nature to industry, fond of the respect of the wise and good among my fellow men, and thus, as might have been supposed, with every guarantee of an honourable and distinguished future. (Stevenson 81) His friendships with men of substance, including a peer of England confirm his status. He may have been wild when he was young, but he reformed in order to fit in with the rigid requirements of society, where even misplaced gossip could cause horrific repercussions. Such a society certainly tolerated science so long as it, like emotions and behaviour, were channelled down acceptable routes. The reason that Jekylls research seems so terrifying is that it suggests that when science moves outside of acceptable realms it may alter humanity in such a way that society itself tumbles. Hyde is the ultimate threat to a society based on mutual friendship and patriarchal ties. He is a one-sided user of the friendships established by Jekyll both those of his lawyer, Mr. Utterson, and his fellow researcher, Dr. Lanyon. He commits the blatantly threatening act of murdering of Sir Danvers Carew, a member of the House of Lords. Importantly, this act is committed with the very cane given to Henry Jekyll by one of his fellow gentlemen. Hyde is no longer the underling, the hidden self; he becomes the master and the dominant persona. The Victorian social order is turned around, a great fear in that class-conscious society. David Punter in The Literature of Terror raises political parallels. He considers the novella can be viewed from different levels. For instance, perhaps it dramatises the striving of the bourgeois middle-classes to sublimate their more humble working class origins in their quest for social respectability. Therefore Jekyll mixes with the upper class in his desire to conform with accepted society. Hyde therefore is the antithesis of Jekyll desiring only the satiating of his appetites and inclinations and using Jekylls friends and contacts as his prey. It is the Freudian theory of the shadowy otherness within all of us. It is relevant that in the late 19th Century Imperialism was the dominant culture and the British Empire was Master and sought to dominate other countries for its own furtherance. Jekyll and Hyde represented the reversal of this relationship. While Stevenson, like Shelley, was certainly in part simply trying to write a terrifying tale, he was all too aware of the nature of the English gentry. His life varied between happy member and distrustful outsider, and it seems likely that he was well aware that the tenuous bonds of society were all that held the culture together. Moreover, he was familiar with the way that the infamous murderer, Deacon Brodie, used his upstanding reputation and appearance to prey on his fellows. Stevenson lived much of his life in Edinburgh, where he must have repeatedly seen the unsettling activities that gentlemen would undertake in the name of science. Using these influences, he crafted a character that remains with us today as another bogeyman of science the two faced aristocrat of science. We still fear the power that scientists have in society and the destabilising effects that trusted individuals may have when they are corrupted by their work. That there should have been a particular fear of social disruption in a rigidly class-based society is hardly surprising. Jekyll became the man who haunted himself. The tragedy of Jekyll was that as himself, he was aware of his id, namely Mr Hyde. His story is one of the best-known doppelganger tales. The tale of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is from one point of view the story of a split personality and one, which would be easily recognised by a post-Freudian society. However it is even more modern as the split personality has been chemically induced. It follows a strong gothic tradition, which includes Edgar Allen Poes tale of William Wilson. However such was the strength of late Victorian fears regarding hideous murders that Stevensons tale captured societys imagination. Certainly Jack the Ripper is a compelling contemporary of Mr Hyde. In a similar vein to the tale of split personality contained in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the theme of multiple personalities is contained in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein is the vessel for many personalities. He is the good husband, the fond son and the monstrous scientist and it is the conflict between these personalities, which create the heightened tension, drama and suspense within the novel. In the classic Gothic genre Frankenstein is the aristocratic intellectual who is tormented by his own ambitious ego. Although raised within a nurturing family background Frankenstein is compelled to punish his creation for failing to be perfect. The monster is Victors child. He is the antithesis of the educated and urbane Victor. If one were to make a list of corrupt scientists, H. G. Wells Dr. Moreau would merit a place. He was banished from England for his cruel experiments and both his methods and their results seemed to have generated universal disgust in the mass of humanity. However, his is the work most complex to criticise, as he is the most modern of the scientists. The story of Dr. Moreau undoubtedly still terrifies us, because his tale relates most closely to modern science and the slippery slope of modern ethics, which makes it far harder to construct a convincing moral argument for our fears. It was Moreaus clear lack of moral boundaries or obligations to humanity that horrify us. His science is science without conscience science for science sake. Because his experiments were so extreme and cruel, isolation from civilisation became vital. This isolation is a theme common to all the stories. Wells always sought to be more of a moralist than a science fiction author. Oddly, we are left with a puzzling dilemma concerning the moral message of The Island of Dr Moreau. There is certainly the thinly veiled message that all of humanity can easily act beastly toward one another and that much of a civilisation is still founded on barbarity. However, his thoughts on his villain, Dr Moreau, are not at all clear. While Frankenstein sought to usurp the place of God, and Jekyll to tumble society, in Moreau we find an individual who has indeed become God and who has altogether obliterated society so as to create his own anew. Moreau is described as: The white-haired man. . . was a powerfully built man. . . with a fine forehead and rather heavy features; but his eyes had that odd drooping of the skin above the lids that often comes with advancing years, and the fall of the heavy mouth at the corners gave him an expression of pugnacious resolution. . . a white-faced white-haired man, with calm eyes. Save for his serenity, the touch almost of beauty that resulted from his set tranquillity and from his magnificent build, he might have passed muster among a hundred other comfortable old gentlemen. Far from being the kindly old grandfather figure, Moreau is in fact the epitome of corrupted paternalism and monstrous ego. Because his ambitions are thwarted by societys conscience, he seeks to create his own society in order to impose his own rules of evolution, thus he becomes both creator and destroyer: The version of the island myth conveys a powerful and imaginative response to the implications of Evolution. (Huntington 445) One would certainly be tempted to suggest that Wells is presenting Moreau as God. Moreover, Moreaus beastly creations consider him as divine, stating with awe that: His is the Hand that makes. His is the Hand that wounds. His is the Hand that heals. His is the lightning flash. His is the deep salt sea. (Wells 57) It is not at all surprising that the Beast Men should consider Moreau a god, not only did he create them, but he gave them the gift of civilisation. It is through his Law that they aspire to be true men. However, while attacking God and society were enough to topple Jekyll and Frankenstein, these do not appear to be the crimes for which Wells damns Moreau. Surely Prendick, as the symbol of Western morality, is viscerally offended by what seem to be Moreaus travesties of nature. However, he acknowledges that he would be willing to forgive these indiscretions were there some useful application to Moreaus work. Unfortunately, Moreau is not undertaking his research for any such reason; rather, he is on [a] different platform. Nothing, certainly not pain, can stand in the way of his research, research ultimately done for the sole academic satisfaction of answering a question: I [Moreau] went on with this research just the way it led me. That is the only way I ever heard of research going. I asked a question, devised some method of getting an answer, and got a fresh question. . . the thing before you is not longer an animal, a fellow-creature, but a problem. . . I wanted to find out the extreme limit of plasticity in a living shape. (Wells 72-73) Moreau is finally slain by one of his own creations that escapes his control. And then, with their God destroyed by his own ambitions the civilisation of the Beast Men collapses and soon after they physically cease to exist. So why did Wells slay him? Why are we still terrified of this man? The answer could lie in the fact that we fear science without the restraints of altruism. Moreaus experiments equate with pain for both men and beasts and pain is a great leveller, rendering us equal in suffering. Ultimately what Prendick despises is Moreaus absolute insensitivity to pain. It is the screams of Moreaus subjects that upset him and it is the Beast Mens talk of His House of Pain that inspires pity. Despite his endless self-loathing, Frankenstein ended his days by suggesting to his confessor that another might succeed where he had failed. Jekyll, in a laboratory, previously owned by a man with tastes more anatomical, died believing that future studies would confirm the validity of his work and prove mans mind to be composed of a legion of individuals. Moreau on his island achieved the greatest practical success although it was perverted. Darwin had slain a compassionate God and replaced him with one red in tooth and claw. The awareness of human evolution and psychoanalytic studies suggested that the mind was in fact as prone to evil as to good, if such concepts had any meaning at all. If science is to conquer ignorance it must take responsibility that it must not become so extreme or unregulated that it becomes repugnant and horrifying to those that it seeks to benefit. It must not become an end unto itself, losing touch with pain and anguish or it will be loathed as much as the supernatural demons it removed. This is a lesson, in an age when science fiction is fast becoming fact that must be remembered by those who would take up the mantle of Frankenstein, Jekyll and Moreau. These are cautionary tales of science without conscience set against a classical background of gothic splendour, sensibilities and atmosphere. Frankenstein was the precursor to The Island of Dr Moreau and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. It was written in the early 19th century following a time of great political unrest and violence. It is a tale of forbidden knowledge written at a time when science was just beginning to make powerful inroads into the day to day lives of ordinary people. The boundaries were falling and knowledge was filling the voids left in the collapse of old beliefs. With knowledge comes responsibility and not everyone has the moral and spiritual strength to meet this burden. Kelly Hurley in The Gothic Body examines the ruination of the human subject, by examining the way in which the human body is destroyed both in physical and metaphorical form in Gothic literature. In the second section, Hurley, situates the Gothics making-abhuman of the human body within a range of evolutionist discourse (Hurley 10). This links the behaviour of humans and animals with their physical appearance. The setting of The Island of Dr Moreau is most similar to that of Frankenstein. The island has great natural beauty and provides a strong contrast for the unethical horrors lurking beneath. These two tales involve the corruption of Gods creation into ungodly abominations. Their creators started out with good intentions of improving the lot of mankind but were overtaken by ambition and vanity. Frankenstein does suffer from enormous feelings of guilt and horror and tries to make amends by destroying his own creation, but Moreau has no such misgivings. Indeed in isolating himself from the restraints of society upon his island, Moreau destroys any chance of moral intervention from outside forces. Moreau has no conscience, no pity and his ego is the most monstrous. The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde has a more urban setting. It is the story of one mans life being stolen by his doppelganger. Whereas Victor Frankenstein and Dr Moreau do have degrees of dual personality involving man versus scientist, Dr Jekyll achieves a complete split allowing the evil Mr Hyde, his shadowy other, to invade and take over his existence. Dr Jekylls experiment has both moral and social ambition but he is unable to control his creation Mr Hyde, and is unable to replicate his original experiment. All three tales explore the relations between the human and the bestial. We all fear our otherness, the beast within. All three scientists sought to replicate in some way, the creation and all failed because as their stories suggest they sinned against the natural order of life and simply created a parody of Gods perfection.